The German, Chinese industrial relationship is not an abstraction: it is a specific set of plants, joint ventures and supplier chains where a German engineering decision shows up as a Chinese production schedule a few weeks later. The urgent traffic is what falls out of that, a replacement controller, a tooling insert, a first article, a sealed original that a Chinese authority will only accept as an original.
Chinese suppliers also send a great deal back. Pre-production units, qualification samples, failure-analysis returns and inspection pieces move west constantly, and a failure analysis sample that arrives four days late has stopped being a failure analysis sample and started being an argument.
The third factor is that China is a country where the paperwork genuinely decides the outcome. Descriptions, classifications, consignee registrations and the match between them matter more here than almost anywhere else on this list, and the difference between a consignment that clears in an hour and one that sits for two days is usually something that could have been fixed in Germany before departure.


